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THE TREE OF LIFE

Epicurus: “It is vain to ask of the gods what man is capable of supplying for himself.”

Everything is related to life has duration and energy and comes back into our lives in a thousand ways. Cornelian cherries have gained the respect and preference of consumers because they were and still are a means of defending life either in the form of pharmaceutical preparations or food or through their wider use.

• In Homer’s Odyssey, Circe gives Cornelian cherries to Odysseus and his companions to help them regain their strength (“καρπόν κρανείας και άκυλλον βάλανον”). Since ancient times, the increased energy, given by Cornelian cherries to the overtired body due to the high content of vitamins A and C and many more antioxidant elements and minerals, such as iron, has been observed.
• The Ancient Greeks used Cornelian cherries to treat diseases of the gastrointestinal system, indigestion, and the heart.
In America, the Cherokee natives prepared strong tea from the roots of the Cornelian cherries plant, as a medicinal “weapon” against diarrhea and inflammation of the larynx. As an evolution of this use, in Turkey tea contained ingredients from all parts of the plant intended to treat asthma attacks, bronchitis and gastrointestinal disorders. It is also used as a wound healer
In traditional Chinese medicine many parts of the Cornelian cherry (roots, bark, leaves) are used in various preparations alone, but also in combination with other medicinal plants to treat the symptoms of diabetes mellitus, since its hypoglycemic effect has been observed. The majority of them have been scientifically studied, are accepted and widely used.
Dioscorides, father of botany and pharmacology suggests “Cornelian cherries in brine” as a treatment for various gastrointestinal disorders and dysentery. All plant parts can be used. Not only the fruit, but also the stiff and hard wood of the skull (Theophrastus) gave solutions to many difficult problems. Bows, arrows, spears and clubs found their suitable material of manufacture. All plant parts can be used. Not only the fruit, but also the stiff and hard wood of the skull (Theophrastus) gave solutions to many difficult problems. Bows, arrows, spears and clubs found their suitable material of manufacture.
• The Trojan Horse, according to the texts of Pausanias, was made from Cornelian cherry wood coming from the sacred forest of Apollo, on Mount Idis in Troy.
• The Sarissas, the innovative and oversized Macedonian spears renowned for their durability, were made from Cornelian cherry wood.
• The Lycians, according to Herodotus, chose Cornelian cherry wood for their bows.
• The Gordian bond, which was impossible to break, was made from the cortex of the Cornelian cherry wood.
• The seer Tiresias was supported by a cane made from Cornelian cherry wood after he was blinded by the goddess Athena when he saw her bathing.

The uses of Cornelian cherries are numerous The red paint is used for leathers, but also for painting Easter eggs, had its basis in the Cornelian cherries. The traditional “κοφίνια” (hives) used by beekeepers were also made from Cornelian cherry wood.

Various reports from many countries such as Germany, Italy, Switzerland, Austria, England, Croatia, Bosnia, Montenegro, Serbia, Bulgaria, Albania, Russia, Poland, and Ukraine highlight the benefit of the fruit mentioning that it is an inspiration for them to take care of life.

BOTANICAL CLASSIFICATION

Βασίλειο | Kingdom
• Χλωρίδα | Plantae

Άθροισμα | Clade
• Σπερματόφυτα | Spermatophytes

Υποδιαίρεση | Clade
• Αγγειόσπερμα | Angiosperms

Κλάση | Clade
• Δικοτυλήδονα | Dicotyls

Τάξη | Order
• Κρανώδη | Cornales

Οικογένεια | Family
• Κρανοειδή | Cornaceae

Γένος | Genus
• Κρανιά | Cornus

Είδος | Species
• Αρσενική | c. mas

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CHARACTERISTICS • MORPHOLOGICAL ELEMENTS • PESTS

Epicurus: “We are grateful to blessed Nature, because she made what is necessary easy to acquire and what is hard to acquire unnecessary.”

Gifts of wisdom and pleasure

In the forests of semi-mountainous and mountainous regions with an altitude of 300 m to 1.400 m, where the annual rainfall exceeds 600 mm, the Cornelian cherries grow and strengthen. Roots deep, fibrous, to stabilize the soil on the slopes where it grows naturally, preventing possible erosions. Deep roots, to survive centuries of life, since a super-centenarian forest tree can reach 250 years.

The height of the tree ranges from 2 to 9 m. The growth speed of the plant is slow compared to the other trees in the forest. Every year it grows from 30.4 to 69.5 cm.

The Cornelian cherry tree loves permanence so transplant attempts are not easy. As a mountain tree, it can withstand low temperatures down to -36°C, but is affected by summer heat above 40°C.

During its systematic cultivation, water is necessary even in mountainous areas and especially when the “agricultural drought” is intense.

The tree in Greece grows naturally in various types of suitable soils including sandy to loamy and acidic to alkaline, but it shows greater growth and produces robust fruits in light soils, rich in organic matter.

The Cornelian cherries bloom first when winter comes to an end/becomes softer, after the Alkyonides Days, in the month of February. Yellow flowers precede the leaves, consisting of four sepals, four petals, three to five stamens (usually four), a pistil and grow in inflorescences. Bees are fed with rich nectar and pollen from its flowers.

The leaves are elliptical, 6 to 14 cm long and 3 to 8 cm wide, and have the ability to adjust their color to each season. In spring they are light to dark green. From summer to autumn, they are green, gradually turning into orange, pink and purple.

Red fruits, sometimes oblong and sometimes round, ranging from 10 to 35 mm, impress with their deep color. Sometimes they are found in pink-black – red – and very rarely in yellow shades. They ripen from the end of July to the end of October (depending on the climatic conditions) and are ready to eat. As philosophers typically claim, prediction is wisdom and this seems to be the case with Cornelian cherries as well. In the same time period as the fruits, the next year’s buds are created. The production of fruits from seedlings starts from the 7th year and gradually increases. Young shoots are fluffy green and gray in color. And the bark peels off and the color palette is gray-brown.

A proven enemy of plants in Greece, but also in other European countries, are lepidoptera. In addition, fungal infections of the species “Phytophthora spp.” and attacks by the phytopathogenic bacterium “Colletotrichum acutatum”, which causes spots on the leaves, rot and fruit drop, have been reported.

• Fewer enemies, apparently innumerable friends •
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